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In the past, Bronze Age painted plaster in the Aegean and the Eastern Mediterranean has been studied from a range of different but isolated viewpoints. One of the current questions about this material is its direction of transfer. This volume brings both technological and iconographic (and other) approaches closer together: 1) by completing certain gaps in the literature on technology and 2) by investigating how and why technological transfer has developed and what broader impact this had on the wider social dynamics of the late Middle and Late Bronze Age in the eastern Mediterranean. This study approaches the topic of painted plaster by a multidisciplinary methodology. Moreover, when human actors and their interactions are placed in the centre of the scene, it demonstrates the human forces through which transfer was enabled and how multiple social identities and the inter-relationships of these actors with each other and their material world were expressed through their craft production and organization. The investigated data from sixteen sites has been contextualized within a wider framework of Bronze Age interconnections both in time and space because studying painted plaster in the Aegean cannot be considered separate from similar traditions both in Egypt and in the Near East. This study makes clear that it is not possible to deduce a one-way directional transfer of this painting tradition. Furthermore, by integrating both technology and iconography with its hybrid character, a clear ‘technological style’ was defined in the predominant al fresco work found on these specific sites. The author suggests that the technological transfer most likely moved from west to east. This has important implications in the broader politico-economic and social dynamics of the eastern Mediterranean during the LBA. Since this art/craft was very much elite-owned, it shows how the smaller states in the LBA, such as the regions of the Aegean, were capable of staying within the large trade and exchange network that comprised the large powers of the East and Egypt. The painted plaster reflects a very visible presence in the archaeological record and, because it cannot be transported without its artisans, it suggests specific interactions of royal courts in the East with the Aegean peoples. The painted plaster as an immovable feature required at least temporary presence of a small team of painters and plasterers. Exactly this factor forms an argument in support of travelling artisans, who, in turn, shed light onto broader aspects of contact, trade and exchange mechanisms during the late MBA and LBA.

Âge du bronze --- Bronze age --- Industries, Prehistoric --- Painting, Prehistoric --- Plastering --- Pargetting --- Masonry --- Prehistoric painting --- Prehistoric industries --- Civilization --- History --- Mediterranean Region --- Antiquities. --- Industries, Primitive

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Numerical methods for the structural analysis of masonry constructions can be of great value in assessing the safety of artistically important masonry buildings and optimizing potential operations of maintenance and strengthening in terms of their cost-effectiveness, architectural impact and static effectiveness. This monograph firstly provides a detailed description of the constitutive equation of masonry-like materials, clearly setting out its most important features. It then goes on to provide a numerical procedure to solve the equilibrium problem of masonry solids. A large portion of the work is devoted to examples and applications. After solving some simple equilibrium problems, for which the explicit and numerical solutions are compared, three cases dealing with the statics of important monuments are then presented. The numerical modeling yields essential information on the stress field and crack distribution, and enables assessing the effects of strengthening operations. Lastly, a ladle employed in the iron and steel industry is studied, and the behavior of the refractory material lining the metallic vessel characterized.

Masonry. --- Structural analysis (Engineering) --- Equilibrium. --- Maçonnerie --- Constructions, Théorie des --- Equilibre --- Mathematical models. --- Modèles mathématiques --- Structural analysis (Engineering) -- Mathematical models. --- Masonry --- Buildings --- Equilibrium --- Civil & Environmental Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Civil Engineering --- Mathematics --- Mathematical models --- Balance --- Balance (Physics) --- Balancing (Physics) --- Engineering. --- Mechanics. --- Applied mathematics. --- Engineering mathematics. --- Structural mechanics. --- Vibration. --- Dynamical systems. --- Dynamics. --- Mechanical engineering. --- Vibration, Dynamical Systems, Control. --- Structural Mechanics. --- Appl.Mathematics/Computational Methods of Engineering. --- Mechanical Engineering. --- Mechanics, Applied. --- Classical Mechanics. --- Solid Mechanics. --- Mathematical and Computational Engineering. --- Engineering, Mechanical --- Engineering --- Machinery --- Steam engineering --- Engineering analysis --- Mathematical analysis --- Applied mechanics --- Engineering mathematics --- Classical mechanics --- Newtonian mechanics --- Physics --- Dynamics --- Quantum theory --- Cycles --- Mechanics --- Sound --- Stability --- Statics --- Building --- Foundations --- Walls --- Dynamical systems --- Kinetics --- Mechanics, Analytic --- Force and energy --- Multibody systems. --- Solids. --- Multibody Systems and Mechanical Vibrations. --- Mathematical and Computational Engineering Applications. --- Data processing. --- Solid state physics --- Transparent solids --- Multi-body systems --- Systems, Multibody

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While soil is the oldest, most commonly used building material, there is a paradox in that the subject of Earth Structures has never previously been comprehensively covered. This book describes the principles of working with soil as a construction material, including two basic ways of treating it: geosynthetics and stabilization. The book discusses the design logic and ways to control Earth Structures, which differ significantly from other construction materials. Building with Earth involves greater uncertainty and risk, which means that there is a need for better design detailing and improvement in the quality of financial calculations. The general part of the book gives a detailed description of the principles of limit states according to Eurocode 7, after which geotechnical design is also described. Subsequent chapters concentrate on earth structures for transport, water, and environmental projects. The chapter on Earth Structures in transport engineering presents detailed coverage of limit states of stability and deformation. Earth Structures in water engineering prioritizes the limit state of internal erosion. Earth Structures in environmental engineering describes new designs, in which part of the structure is created from non-standard materials which are usually susceptible to internal collapse, double porosity, unsaturation, etc. It also focuses on protecting the surrounding environment from contamination. With its emphasis on principles, the logic of processes, and understanding the most important problems, the book allows all those involved with a construction (client, designer, contractor and supervisor) to build such earth structures more safely and economically. Audience: This book will be of interest to civil and environmental engineers; transport, hydraulic and planning engineers; geotechnical and geo-environmental engineers; scientists, designers, contractors, clients and supervisors; postgraduate students.

Soil mechanics. --- Engineering. --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Soil engineering --- Soils --- Soils (Engineering) --- Geotechnical engineering --- Mechanics --- Foundations --- Soil physics --- Hydraulic engineering. --- Civil engineering. --- Waste disposal. --- Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences. --- Geoengineering, Foundations, Hydraulics. --- Civil Engineering. --- Waste Management/Waste Technology. --- Engineering --- Public works --- Engineering, Hydraulic --- Fluid mechanics --- Hydraulics --- Shore protection --- Geotechnical engineering. --- Engineering geology. --- Engineering—Geology. --- Foundations. --- Hydraulics. --- Waste management. --- Flow of water --- Water --- Hydraulic engineering --- Jets --- Architecture --- Building --- Structural engineering --- Underground construction --- Caissons --- Earthwork --- Masonry --- Soil consolidation --- Soil mechanics --- Walls --- Civil engineering --- Geology, Economic --- Engineering, Geotechnical --- Geotechnics --- Geotechnology --- Engineering geology --- Flow --- Distribution --- Details --- Geology

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The Hilbert-Huang Transform ((HHT) is a recently developed technique which is used to analyze nonstationary data. Hydrologic and environmental series are, in the main, analyzed by using techniques which were developed for stationary data. This has led to problems of interpretation of the results. Environmental and hydrologic series are quite often nonstationary. The basic objective of the material discussed in this book is to analyze these data by using methods based on the Hilbert-Huang transform. These results are compared to the results from the traditional methods such as those based on Fourier transform and other classical statistical tests. Audience This book will be of value to researchers interested in climate change and advanced graduate students in civil engineering, atmospheric sciences and statistics.

Hydrology --- Hilbert-Huang transform. --- Statistical methods. --- Data processing. --- EMD-HSA method --- Empirical mode decomposition method --- HHT (Hilbert-Huang transform) --- Hilbert transform --- Time-series analysis --- Hydraulic engineering. --- Climatic changes. --- Environmental sciences. --- Geography. --- Engineering mathematics. --- Geoengineering, Foundations, Hydraulics. --- Hydrogeology. --- Climate Change. --- Math. Appl. in Environmental Science. --- Earth Sciences, general. --- Mathematical and Computational Engineering. --- Engineering --- Engineering analysis --- Mathematical analysis --- Changes, Climatic --- Changes in climate --- Climate change --- Climate change science --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic changes --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Climatology --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Engineering, Hydraulic --- Fluid mechanics --- Hydraulics --- Shore protection --- Cosmography --- Earth sciences --- World history --- Environmental science --- Science --- Mathematics --- Environmental aspects --- Engineering geology. --- Engineering—Geology. --- Foundations. --- Hydraulics. --- Climate change. --- Earth sciences. --- Applied mathematics. --- Geosciences --- Environmental sciences --- Physical sciences --- Geohydrology --- Geology --- Groundwater --- Flow of water --- Water --- Hydraulic engineering --- Jets --- Architecture --- Building --- Structural engineering --- Underground construction --- Caissons --- Earthwork --- Masonry --- Soil consolidation --- Soil mechanics --- Walls --- Civil engineering --- Geology, Economic --- Flow --- Distribution --- Details --- Global environmental change

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This work illustrates how the Analysis of Controlled Deformation in Rocks and Soils (ADECO-RS) is used in the design and the construction of tunnels. The ADECO-RS approach makes a clear distinction between the design and the construction stages and allows reliable forecasts of construction times and costs to be made. It uses the advance core (the core of ground ahead of the face) as a structural tool for the long and short term stabilisation of tunnels, after its rigidity has first been regulated using conservation techniques. Tunnels can consequently be driven in difficult stress-strain conditions to predetermined safety standards with operations industrialised and scheduled precisely. Thanks to this approach design engineers have been able to employ industrial criteria in tunnel excavation, even under extremely difficult stress-strain conditions.

Tunneling. --- Tunnels --- Design and construction. --- Structural design --- Tunneling --- Earthwork --- Engineering --- Mining engineering --- Rock excavation --- Underground construction --- Excavation --- Design --- Design and construction --- Ground control (Mining) --- Contrôle des pressions de terrain (Mines) --- Conception et construction --- EPUB-LIV-FT LIVTERRE SPRINGER-B --- Hydraulic engineering. --- Mechanics, applied. --- Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences. --- Geoengineering, Foundations, Hydraulics. --- Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. --- Applied mechanics --- Engineering, Mechanical --- Engineering mathematics --- Engineering, Hydraulic --- Fluid mechanics --- Hydraulics --- Shore protection --- Geotechnical engineering. --- Engineering geology. --- Engineering—Geology. --- Foundations. --- Hydraulics. --- Mechanics. --- Mechanics, Applied. --- Classical mechanics --- Newtonian mechanics --- Physics --- Dynamics --- Quantum theory --- Flow of water --- Water --- Hydraulic engineering --- Jets --- Architecture --- Building --- Structural engineering --- Caissons --- Masonry --- Soil consolidation --- Soil mechanics --- Walls --- Civil engineering --- Geology, Economic --- Engineering, Geotechnical --- Geotechnics --- Geotechnology --- Engineering geology --- Flow --- Distribution --- Details --- Geology